inhibeo Latin · revision 8347

16 Oct 2026, 16:02 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʰeh₁bʰ-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪˈnɪ.be.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iˈniː.be.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''inhibeō''' (present infinitive inhibēre, perfect active inhibuī, supine inhibitum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] and [[habeō]] “to have, hold”, with the vowel weakened to /i/.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨habeō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European ⟨*gʰh₁bʰ-⟩ “to take”, with [[osc|pruhipid|t=would prevent]] formed like it.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of bringing authority to bear on someone.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to bring authority or discipline to bear on someone, as in Plautus, and in Ovid to hold back from moving.^(OLD 2012) In Livy it was the nautical term ''inhibēre rēmīs'' “to back water”, and to put a check to an activity; in Cicero it meant to restrain people from a course of action.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ It survives in Italian ''inibire'' and Spanish ''inhibir'', and gave [[en|inhibit]] in the early 15th century, “to forbid, prohibit”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of authority.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of restraining people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of backing water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''inhibit'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To bring to bear, exert (authority).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To hold back, [[m|en|restrain]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(nautical)'' To back water.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To check, [[m|en|prevent]], repress.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[inhibitiō]]
+ * [[inhibitus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abhibeō]]
+ * [[adhibeō]]
+ * [[antehabeō]]
+ * [[cohibeō]]
+ * [[diribeō]]
+ * [[exhibeō]]
+ * [[habeō]]
+ * [[perhibeō]]
+ * [[posthabeō]]
+ * [[praehibeō]]
+ * [[prohibeō]]
+ * [[en|inhibit]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}