intra Latin · revision 8331
16 Oct 2026, 16:02 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₁én-teros}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪn.traː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.tra]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''intrā''' (+ accusative)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the old ablative singular feminine of ⟨*interus⟩ “inner”, [[inh|itc-pro|*ntero-|t=interior]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁én-teros|t=situated within]], from the root of [[in]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) The same adjective is continued in [[intrō]] and [[interior]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|अन्तर|tr=ántara-|t=interior]] and [[grc|ἔντερα|tr=éntera|t=intestines]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, as a preposition of position.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As a preposition with the accusative it meant within, inside, and Cicero has ''intrā parietēs meōs'' “within my own walls”, privately.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ovid it meant within the mind, and in Plautus within a space of time.^(OLD 2012) It also meant short of a line, as in Pacuvius, without exceeding a limit, as in Cicero, and confined to a sphere, as in Celsus.^(OLD 2012) As an adverb, which Lewis & Short call post-Augustan, it meant inside and inwards, as in Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ Gildas and other British Medieval Latin writers used it for within a barrier or boundary.^(DMLBS) English uses it in the prefix [[en|intra-]] “within”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of time.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it as an adverb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Preposition===
+ # (with accusative) [[m|en|Within]], inside.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Within (a period of time).^(OLD 2012)
+ # Short of; without exceeding.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Confined to.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ===Adverb===
+ # Inside; inwards.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[intraclusus]]
+ * [[intrāmūrānus]]
+ * [[intrāneus]]
+ * [[intrīnsecus]]
+ * [[intrō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[inter]]
+ * [[interior]]
+ * [[intimus]]
+ * [[extrā]]
+ * [[en|intra-]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}