prope Latin · revision 8327

16 Oct 2026, 16:02 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *própro}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprɔ.pɛ]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɔː.pe]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prope''' (comparative propius, superlative proximē or proxumus or proximus)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ De Vaan follows Dunkel in deriving it from the iterative preverb [[ine-pro|*própro|t=on and on, ever further]], with dissimilatory loss of the second /r/; its comparative is [[propior]] and its superlative [[proximus]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|प्रप्र|tr=prá-pra|t=on and on]] and [[grc|πρόπρο|tr=própro]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD and Wiktionary derive it instead from ⟨*prokʷe⟩, [[prō]] with [[-que]], with the second /p/ assimilated.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan's first source is Plautus, whom Köbler dates c. 250–184 BC.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, “near by”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As an adverb it meant near, close, as in Plautus, of time near at hand, and of degree, ''propius vērō est'' meant it is nearer the truth, as in Sallust.^(OLD 2012) In Horace it meant almost, nearly, all but, and in Livy ''prope est ut'' “it is almost the case that”.^(OLD 2012) As a preposition it meant near, by, as in Plautus, and in Livy close to a time or condition.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ British Medieval Latin used it for close by.^(DMLBS) Late Latin ''appropiāre'' “to go nearer”, from ''propiāre'', gave [[en|approach]] about 1300.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust has ''propius vērō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of “almost”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # [[m|en|Near]], close by.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Near in time.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Nearly, [[m|en|almost]].^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ===Preposition===
+ # (with accusative) Near, by.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Close to (in time or condition).^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[impropē]]
+ * [[propemodo]]
+ * [[propemodum]]
+ * [[propinquus]]
+ * [[propter]]
+ * [[*adprope]]
+ * [[appropiō]]
+ * [[propior]]
+ * [[proximus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[prō]]
+ * [[re -]]
+ * [[en|approach]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}