irruo Latin · revision 8289

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Terence|origins=ine-pro *h₃rew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪr.ru.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈir.ru.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''irruō''' (present infinitive irruere, perfect active irruī, supine irrutum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inruō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[in-]] “into” and [[ruō]] “to rush”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨ruō⟩ “to rush” to [[ine-pro|*h₃rew-|t=to run, hurry]], cognate with [[grc|ὀρούω|tr=oroúō|t=to rush]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Terence, of rushing in.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to rush or dash in, as in Terence, and to throw oneself on someone with hostile intent, to charge, as in Cicero, who has ''in mediam aciem irruere'' “to charge into the middle of the battle line”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short give to force one's way in, invade, attack.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Its noun ''irruptiō'' gave [[en|irruption]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a charge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rush]] in.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To charge, [[m|en|attack]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ruō]]

+ * [[irrumpō]]

+ * [[en|irruption]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}