fervidus Latin · revision 8285
16 Oct 2026, 15:49 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la ferveō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɛr.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɛr.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''fervidus''' (feminine fervida, neuter fervidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ferveō]] “to boil, glow” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Accius, whom he dates 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant intensely hot, boiling, burning, as in Lucretius, and in Varro of stars blazing and of bodies hot with vital heat.^(OLD 2012) In Virgil it meant seething, of water and fermenting wine, and roused, blazing with anger; in Pliny the Elder hot to the taste, of strong wines, and in Horace hot-blooded.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''calidus'' is a moderate warmth, as against ''frīgidus''.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant glowing, hot, burning, fiery, vehement.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for very hot and boiling.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian ''fervido'' and Spanish ''férvido'', and gave [[en|fervid]] in the 1590s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of seething and anger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1590s – English ''fervid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Boiling, burning.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Blazing, glowing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Seething.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Hot to the taste; strong.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Roused, [[m|en|fervid]]; hot-blooded.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ferveō]]
+ * [[fervor]]
+ * [[en|fervid]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[calidus]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}