abstraho Latin · revision 8244
16 Oct 2026, 15:39 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=la trahō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈap.stra.(ɦ)oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈab.stra.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''abstrahō''' (present infinitive abstrahere, perfect active abstrāxī, supine abstractum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ It is also spelled ''aps-'', and Lucretius has the perfect infinitive ''abstraxe''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ab-]] “away” and [[trahō]] “to drag”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Terence, of dragging away and of freeing.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to drag away, remove by force, carry off to execution, as in Terence, and to free from a situation.^(OLD 2012) In Livy it meant to take away, appropriate, in Sallust to split into parts, and in Cicero to divert, distract from a course.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to drag or draw away.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''astrarre'', French ''abstraire'' and Spanish ''abstraer'', and its participle ''abstractus'' “drawn away” gave [[en|abstract]] in the late 14th century, first in grammar.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of dragging away.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of splitting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of diverting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''abstract'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To drag away; to carry off.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To take away, appropriate.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To free.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To split; to subtract.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To divert, [[m|en|distract]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[abstractiō]]
+ * [[abstractus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[attrahō]]
+ * [[circumtrahō]]
+ * [[contrahō]]
+ * [[dētrahō]]
+ * [[distrahō]]
+ * [[extrahō]]
+ * [[intertrahō]]
+ * [[intrahō]]
+ * [[obtrahō]]
+ * [[pertrahō]]
+ * [[trahō]]
+ * [[en|abstract]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}