iudicium Latin · revision 8238

16 Oct 2026, 15:37 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la iūdex}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [juːˈdɪ.ki.ũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [juˈdiː.t͡ʃi.um]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''iūdicium''' ''n'' (genitive iūdiciī or iūdicī); second declension^(Wiktionary)
+ Early inscriptions have ''ioud-''.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[iūdex]] “judge” with the suffix [[-ium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of authority and of a decision.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant legal proceedings before a judge, a trial, as in Terence, and in Cicero ''in iūdicium vocāre'' to bring to trial, a court, a verdict, and the exercise of judgement.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant authority to decide and any decision or opinion.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it also meant a resolve, a considered view, esteem, and the faculty of judging, taste, discernment.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant judgment, trial, sentence.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a judicial assembly, a record of a sentence, justice, the law, and ''iūdicium Deī'' for the judicial duel and the ordeal.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for legal proceedings, a trial.^(DMLBS) It survives in Spanish ''juicio'', Portuguese ''juízo'' and Romanian ''județ'', and its adjective ''iūdiciālis'' gave [[en|judicial]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of authority and decisions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of a trial.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a court and of discernment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|trial]], ''in iūdicium vocāre'', to bring to trial.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A court, tribunal.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Judging; authority to decide.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|verdict]]; a decision, opinion.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A resolve; a view; esteem.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Judgement]], discernment.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''iūdicium Deī'', the [[m|en|ordeal]]; the judicial duel.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[iūdiciālis]]
+ * [[iūdiciārius]]
+ * [[iudiciolum]]
+ * [[praeiūdicium]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[iūdex]]
+ * [[iūdicō]]
+ * [[en|judicial]]
+ * [[en|judgment]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}