tranquillitas Latin · revision 8228

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la tranquillus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [traŋˈkʷɪl.lɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [traŋˈkʷil.li.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tranquillitās''' ''f'' (genitive tranquillitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[tranquillus]] “calm, still” with the suffix [[-tās]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a calm sea.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant calm of the sea or wind, fair weather, and the gentle flow of a river, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant a quiet state of affairs or of mind, tranquillity, calm.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''quiēs'' is absolute rest, as against activity, while ''tranquillitās'' is quietness in acting, as against hasty or passionate activity.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant calmness, tranquillity.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of calm weather and still seas.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian ''tranquillità'' and French ''tranquillité'', and through Old French it gave [[en|tranquility]] in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a calm sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a calm state.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''tranquility'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Calm weather; a calm sea.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Calm, quiet, [[m|en|tranquility]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tranquillus]]

+ * [[quiēs]]

+ * [[en|tranquility]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[quiēs]].^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}