umidus Latin · revision 8224
16 Oct 2026, 15:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Pacuvius|origins=la ūmeō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈuː.mɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.mi.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''ūmidus''' (feminine ūmida, neuter ūmidum, adverb ūmidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ It is also spelled ''hūmidus''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ūmeō]] “to be moist” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Pacuvius, of moist substances, and Varro, of wet ground.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Pacuvius 220–130 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant wet, moist, of ground, with the neuter as a noun for wet ground, as in Varro, and of substances having much water, as in Pacuvius.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''ūdus'' and ''ūvidus'' are wet with water itself, ''hūmidus'' and ''hūmectus'' moist from water soaking through.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant moist, humid.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of things wet or moist, and the neuter for wet ground.^(DMLBS) Through Old French ''humide'' or directly from Latin it gave [[en|humid]] in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of moist substances.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of wet ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''humid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Wet, [[m|en|moist]]; as a noun, wet ground.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Watery, [[m|en|humid]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[cohūmidō]]
+ * [[subhumidus]]
+ * [[ūmiditās]]
+ * [[ūmidulus]]
+ * [[ūmidē]]
+ * [[hūmiditās]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ūmectus]]
+ * [[ūmefaciō]]
+ * [[ūmēscō]]
+ * [[ūmeō]]
+ * [[ūmor]]
+ * [[ūvidus]]
+ * [[en|humid]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[ūdus]] and [[ūvidus]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}