extraho Latin · revision 8216
16 Oct 2026, 15:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la trahō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɛk.stra.(ɦ)oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛk.stra.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''extrahō''' (present infinitive extrahere, perfect active extrāxī, supine extractum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[trahō]] “to drag”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of pulling something out.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to pull out, extract, as in Plautus, and in Pliny the Elder to draw out to full length.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to fetch people out by force or persuasion, and to drag out, protract an activity, and in Terence to rescue from trouble.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to draw out, extract, withdraw.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''estrarre'', French ''extraire'' and Spanish ''extraer'', and its participle ''extractus'' gave [[en|extract]] in the late 15th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of pulling out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of rescuing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of protracting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 15th century – English ''extract'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To pull out, [[m|en|extract]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To draw out (to full length).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fetch out; to rescue.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To protract, drag out.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[extractōrius]]
+ * [[extractiō]]
+ * [[extractum]]
+ * [[extractus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abstrahō]]
+ * [[attrahō]]
+ * [[circumtrahō]]
+ * [[contrahō]]
+ * [[dētrahō]]
+ * [[distrahō]]
+ * [[intertrahō]]
+ * [[intrahō]]
+ * [[obtrahō]]
+ * [[pertrahō]]
+ * [[trahō]]
+ * [[en|extract]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}