oliva Latin · revision 8177

16 Oct 2026, 15:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=Plautus|origins=grc ἐλαία}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɔˈliː.wa]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [oˈliː.va]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''olīva''' ''f'' (genitive olīvae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|grc|ἐλαία|tr=elaía|t=olive tree, olive]], earlier ⟨elaíwā⟩, as the OLD and Etymonline say.^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Wiktionary takes it through Etruscan ⟨*eleiva⟩, as in ⟨eleivana⟩ “of oil”, from Proto-Hellenic ⟨*elaíwā⟩, compare [[gmy|e-ra-wa]].^(Wiktionary) The Greek word itself is most likely from a Mediterranean, Pre-Greek source, or perhaps from [[ine-pro|*h₁loywom]], with [[cu|лои|tr=loi|t=tallow]] and [[xcl|եւղ|tr=ewł|t=oil]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Isidore notes that the tree is ⟨olea⟩, its fruit ⟨olīva⟩ and its juice ⟨oleum⟩.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of the fruit.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the fruit of the olive tree, an olive, as in Plautus, and in Virgil the olive tree.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant the olive tree, the olive.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for the olive, also with reference to the Epistle of James.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese ''oliva'' and French ''olive'', and gave [[en|olive]] about 1200, first of the tree.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''olive'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # An [[m|en|olive]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # An olive tree.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[olīvans]]
+ * [[olīvārius]]
+ * [[olīvēta]]
+ * [[olīvētum]]
+ * [[olīvifer]]
+ * [[olīvifōrmis]]
+ * [[olīvitās]]
+ * [[olīvitor]]
+ * [[olīvum]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[olea]]
+ * [[oleāceus]]
+ * [[oleāgineus]]
+ * [[oleāmen]]
+ * [[oleāris]]
+ * [[oleārius]]
+ * [[oleastellus]]
+ * [[oleaster]]
+ * [[oleātus]]
+ * [[oleitās]]
+ * [[oleum]]
+ * [[en|olive]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Isidore distinguishes [[olea]], the tree, from ''olīva'', the fruit, and [[oleum]], the oil.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}