incido Latin · revision 8141
16 Oct 2026, 15:28 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|to fall into, happen}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la cadō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪŋ.kɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin̠ʲ.t͡ʃi.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''incidō''' (present infinitive incidere, perfect active incidī, future active participle incāsūrus); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle^(Wiktionary)
+ A supine ''incāsum'' is recorded.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ This verb is from [[in-]] “into” and [[cadō]] “to fall”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of falling into trouble and of evils befalling someone.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ In Cicero it meant to fall into or on something, to come by chance to a place, and to happen on a person or thing.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to fall into unpleasant circumstances, and of evils to befall someone.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to slip into an opinion, to come under a law or heading, and of events to fall on a date; in Terence to arise, and of an idea to occur to someone.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to fall into, happen upon, meet.^(Stelten 1995) It was borrowed into Italian ''incidere'' and Spanish ''incidir''.^(Wiktionary) Its participle ''incidēns'' gave [[en|incident]] in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of falling into trouble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of arising.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of happening on something.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''incident'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To fall into or on.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To come by chance; to happen on.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To fall into (circumstances).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To come under (a law, heading); to fall on (a date).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|befall]]; to arise, occur.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[coincidō]]
+ * [[superincidō]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|to cut into}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cato|origins=la caedō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪŋˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''incīdō''' (present infinitive incīdere, perfect active incīdī, supine incīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ This verb is from [[in-]] “into” and [[caedō]] “to cut”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cato, of cutting into something.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to cut into, slit, as in Cato, and in Ovid to form by cutting.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to engrave, inscribe words, to cut through, and to cut short activities or hopes, and in Quintilian to interrupt a path or stream.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to cut into, carve, engrave, inscribe.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''incīsus'' gave [[en|incise]] through French in the 1540s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of cutting into.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of engraving.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1540s – English ''incise'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To cut into, slit.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|engrave]], inscribe.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To cut through.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To interrupt; to cut short.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[incīsē]]
+ * [[incīsim]]
+ * [[incīsiō]]
+ * [[incīsor]]
+ * [[incīsum]]
+ * [[incīsūra]]
+ * [[incīsus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[accidō]]
+ * [[cadō]]
+ * [[concidō]]
+ * [[dēcidō]]
+ * [[excidō]]
+ * [[intercidō]]
+ * [[occidō]]
+ * [[prōcidō]]
+ * [[recidō]]
+ * [[succidō]]
+ * [[abscīdō]]
+ * [[accīdō]]
+ * [[caedō]]
+ * [[circumcīdō]]
+ * [[concīdō]]
+ * [[dēcīdō]]
+ * [[discīdō]]
+ * [[excīdō]]
+ * [[intercīdō]]
+ * [[occīdō]]
+ * [[en|incident]]
+ * [[en|incise]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}