folium Latin · revision 8135

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɔ.li.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfɔː.li.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''folium''' ''n'' (genitive foliī or folī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It has often been compared with [[grc|φύλλον|tr=phúllon|t=leaf]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰolh₃yom|t=leaf]] and the root [[ine-pro|*bʰleh₃-|t=to blossom]], which would make the two exact cognates.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) Driessen, followed by de Vaan, instead connects it with the root [[ine-pro|*dʰelh₁-|t=to sprout, be green]], which gave [[cy|dail|t=foliage]], [[grc|θάλλω|tr=thállō|t=to flourish]], [[xcl|դալար|tr=dalar|t=green, fresh]] and [[sq|dal|t=to come out]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Isidore explains the aromatic ⟨folium⟩ as a leaf that floats without a root off the coasts of India.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of a leaf.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the leaf of a plant, as in Plautus, and Cicero says of someone that he is moved more easily than a leaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Vitruvius it meant a leaf carved in sculpture, and in Apuleius a trifle.^(OLD 2012) In Ovid the plural meant aromatic leaves, especially of nard, and in Propertius it meant a petal, especially of a rose.^(OLD 2012) It also meant the palm leaf on which the Sibyl wrote her prophecies.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for a sheet of papyrus or parchment, and Ecclesiastical Latin for a page.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it in plant names and in medicine.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''foglio'' and, through the plural ''folia'', in Italian ''foglia'', French ''feuille'' and Spanish ''hoja''.^(DÉRom)^(Etymonline) The ablative ''foliō'' gave [[en|folio]] in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a leaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a carved leaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of a petal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''folio'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|leaf]] of a plant; a carved leaf.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A trifle.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Aromatic leaves, especially of [[m|en|nard]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|petal]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A sheet of [[m|en|parchment]]; a page.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exfoliō]]

+ * [[folia]]

+ * [[foliatilis]]

+ * [[foliātūra]]

+ * [[foliātus]]

+ * [[trifolium]]

+ * [[aquifolius]]

+ * [[assefolium]]

+ * [[centifolius]]

+ * [[lātifolius]]

+ * [[manifolium]]

+ * [[mīlifolium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fulvus]]

+ * [[en|folio]]

+ * [[en|foliage]]

+ * [[en|portfolio]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}