mare Latin · revision 8134

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *móri}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈma.rɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmaː.re]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mare''' ''n'' (genitive maris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Old ablative ''marid'' appears in an inscription, and Varro, Lucretius and Ovid have the ablative ''mare''; the genitive plural is usually ''marium'', ''marum'' in Naevius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*mari|t=sea, lake]], [[inh|ine-pro|*móri|t=sea, lake]], with ⟨a⟩ from the unrounding of ⟨*o⟩ in an open syllable.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan notes that the word meant any large body of water, a lake as well as the sea, and that it is limited to the European languages.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|muir]], [[cy|môr]], [[lt|mãrės]], [[cu|морє|tr=morje]], [[got|𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹|tr=marei]], [[goh|mari]] and [[non|marr]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Isidore derived it from the bitterness (⟨amārus⟩) of its waters.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Livius Andronicus, in ''trāns mare'' “overseas”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Livius Andronicus 280/260 to before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the sea, ''trāns mare'' overseas, abroad, and in Ennius the stormy, destructive sea.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant a particular sea, and the sea as one of the three parts of the world beside land and sky, ''mare caelō miscēre'' “to mix the sea with the sky” meant to raise a great storm.^(OLD 2012) In Ennius it was the sea as the road of ships, as in ''terrā marīque'' “by land and sea”, and in Naevius seawater, used to flavour Greek wines.^(OLD 2012) Varro says the sea was called ''aequor'' because it is level when the wind does not stir it.^(Varro) Döderlein explains that ''mare'' is the sea as a mass of water, against land and air, while ''aequor'', ''pelagus'' and ''pontus'' refer to its extent.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant the sea.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin had ''ā marī usque ad mare'' “from sea to sea”.^(DMLBS) It survives as Italian and Romanian ''mare'', French ''mer'' and Spanish and Portuguese ''mar''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|mere]] “lake” is a cognate, from Old English ''mere''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of the sea as the road of ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a particular sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|sea]], ''trāns mare'', overseas.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A particular sea.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The sea as a part of the world, beside land and sky.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The sea as a way for ships, ''terrā marīque'', by land and sea.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Seawater]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mariambulus]]

+ * [[marīnus]]

+ * [[maritimus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|mere]]

+ * [[en|marine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[aequor]], [[pelagus]] and [[pontus]].^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}