vivo Latin · revision 8128

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Law of the Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *gʷíh₃weti}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwiː.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈviː.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vīvō''' (present infinitive vīvere, perfect active vīxī, supine vīctum); third conjugation, impersonal in the passive^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the archaic spelling ''vei-'', and Virgil the shortened ''vīxet'' for ''vīxisset''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*gʷīwe/o-|t=to live]], [[inh|ine-pro|*gʷíh₃weti|t=to live]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The perfect ⟨vīxī⟩ and supine ⟨vīctum⟩ were made by analogy with verbs like [[fluō]], in which the velar seemed to have disappeared.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|bivus|t=alive]], [[sa|जीवति|tr=jī́vati|t=lives]], [[grc|βίος|tr=bíos|t=life]], [[cu|жити|tr=žiti|t=to live]], [[got|𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍃|tr=qius|t=alive]] and [[ang|cwic|t=alive]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan's first attestation, and the OLD's earliest citation, is the Law of the Twelve Tables, of living on food.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Ennius uses it of being alive.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be alive, to live, as in Ennius, and in Plautus to be a certain kind of being.^(OLD 2012) In Plautus things live when they are active, and in Juvenal art seems alive.^(OLD 2012) From Ennius it meant to survive, live on, and in Cicero to live on in memory; in Plautus ''vīve'' “farewell”.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to live in the full sense, to really live, and ''vīxī'' “I have lived” a full life.^(OLD 2012) From the Twelve Tables it meant to live on food or other means, and in Varro to make a living.^(OLD 2012) In Plautus it meant to spend one's life in a given way, and in Terence to live for someone.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it also meant to reside.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''vivere'', French ''vivre'', Spanish ''vivir'' and Portuguese ''viver''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|quick]] “alive” is a cognate, from Old English ''cwic''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use it of living on food.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of being alive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of spending one's life.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of really living.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be alive, [[m|en|live]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be active; to seem alive.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|survive]], live on.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To live to the full.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To live on (food); to make a living.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To spend one's life (in a way, with someone, in a place).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|reside]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[convīva]]

+ * [[convivō]]

+ * [[revīvō]]

+ * [[supervīvō]]

+ * [[vīctitō]]

+ * [[vīctus]]

+ * [[vīvāx]]

+ * [[vīvēscō]]

+ * [[vīvidus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vīta]]

+ * [[vītālis]]

+ * [[vīvācitās]]

+ * [[vīvāciter]]

+ * [[vīvārium]]

+ * [[vīvārius]]

+ * [[vīvātus]]

+ * [[vīvus]]

+ * [[en|quick]]

+ * [[en|vivid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}