molo Latin · revision 8124

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *melh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔː.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''molō''' (present infinitive molere, perfect active moluī, supine molitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*melō|t=to grind]], [[inh|ine-pro|*melh₂-|t=to crush, grind]], with ⟨o⟩ from rounding before a velar /l/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[xum|kumaltu|t=let him grind]], [[sga|meilid|t=grinds]], [[cy|malu|t=to grind]], [[hit|malla-|t=to grind]], [[grc|μύλη|tr=múlē|t=mill]], [[lt|málti|t=to grind]], [[cu|мл҄ѣти|tr=mlěti|t=to grind]] and [[got|𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽|tr=malan|t=to grind]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) It is related to [[mola]] “millstone”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan's first attestation is Plautus, whom Köbler dates c. 250–184 BC.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Terence uses it of grinding in the mill.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to grind in a mill, as in Terence, with grinding at the mill a slave's punishment, and in Pliny the Elder to grind barley into fine flour.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lucilius and Petronius used it obscenely of the male act.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to grind, as in the Vulgate's ''tolle molam et mole farīnam'' “take the millstone and grind flour”; the Itala also has a first-conjugation ''molāre''.^(Stelten 1995)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) It survives in Spanish ''moler'', Portuguese ''moer'' and Old French ''moudre''.^(Wiktionary) Its derivative ''molīna'' “mill” gave Old English ''mylen'', whence [[en|mill]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of grinding in the mill.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of grinding barley.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of grinding flour.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|grind]] in a [[m|en|mill]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(obscene)'' Of the male sexual act.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[commolō]]

+ * [[ēmolō]]

+ * [[molitor]]

+ * [[moletrīna]]

+ * [[molīnus]]

+ * [[molitum]]

+ * [[molitus]]

+ * [[molucrum]]

+ * [[permolō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[malleus]]

+ * [[mola]]

+ * [[en|mill]]

+ * [[en|meal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Molō'' or ''Molōn'' was also the name of Apollonius of Rhodes, a teacher of rhetoric of Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}