effero Latin · revision 8116

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la ferō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɛf.fɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛf.fe.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''efferō''' (present infinitive efferre, perfect active extulī, supine ēlātum); third conjugation, suppletive^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''ecferō'', in an inscription ''exf-''; the perfect is ''extulī'' and the participle ''ēlātus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[ferō]] “to carry”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of carrying out for burial and of uttering words.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to carry out, as Cicero's weapons carried out of Cethegus' house, and in Plautus to carry out for burial.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Plautus it also meant to utter and to make known, in Cicero of fields to yield crops, and in Vitruvius to give off.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero it meant to lift, raise, and to exalt a person, and in Caesar to build upwards.^(OLD 2012) The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of exaggerating in speech, and Cicero, in the passive, of being carried away by emotion; in Accius it meant to endure to the end.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to raise up, exalt, publish.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''ēlātus'' gave [[en|elate]] in the 1570s, and ''ēlātiō'' gave [[en|elation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of burial and of uttering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of raising and exalting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1570s – English ''elate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To carry out; to carry out for [[m|en|burial]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To utter; to make known.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To yield (crops); to give off.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To lift, raise; to [[m|en|exalt]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To exaggerate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # In the passive, to be carried away (by emotion).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To carry through, endure.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēlātiō]]

+ * [[ēlātē]]

+ * [[ēlātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adferō]]

+ * [[afferō]]

+ * [[auferō]]

+ * [[circumferō]]

+ * [[cōnferō]]

+ * [[dēferō]]

+ * [[differō]]

+ * [[ferō]]

+ * [[īnferō]]

+ * [[intrōferō]]

+ * [[en|elate]]

+ * [[en|elation]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate verb ''efferō, efferāre'', from [[efferus]] “wild”, means to make savage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}