infero Latin · revision 8115
16 Oct 2026, 15:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la ferō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈĩː.fɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈiɱ.fe.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''īnferō''' (present infinitive īnferre, perfect active intulī, supine illātum); third conjugation, suppletive^(Wiktionary)
+ The perfect is ''intulī'' and the participle ''illātus'' (''inlātus'').^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “in, into” and [[ferō]] “to carry”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of putting something in, and Cato, of carrying into a place.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to carry into a place, as in Cato, and Caesar has ''in ignem īnferre'' “to throw into the fire”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero it meant to bring forward with hostile intent, as ''signa īnferre'' “to advance to the attack”, ''bellum īnferre'' “to make war”, and to bury a corpse and to introduce something new.^(OLD 2012) In Pliny the Elder it meant to pay money in, and the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of bringing forward an argument; in Cicero it meant to inflict injury or death.^(OLD 2012) In Plautus it meant to bring into a state.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to bring in, inflict, wage.^(Stelten 1995) In logic it came to mean to deduce, conclude, and in that sense it gave [[en|infer]] in the 1520s; it was also borrowed into French ''inférer'' and Spanish ''inferir''.^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of putting in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of carrying into a place.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''signa īnferre'' and of inflicting harm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1520s – English ''infer'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To carry in, bring in; to put in, insert.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To bring forward with hostile intent, ''signa īnferre'', to attack, ''bellum īnferre'', to make war.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # To [[m|en|bury]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To introduce; to import.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To pay in.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To bring forward (an argument).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|inflict]], cause.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(logic)'' To [[m|en|infer]], conclude.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[illātiō]]
+ * [[illātīvus]]
+ * [[īnferius]]
+ * [[infertor]]
+ * [[subīnferō]]
+ * [[illātus]]
+ * [[īnferibilis]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[adferō]]
+ * [[afferō]]
+ * [[auferō]]
+ * [[circumferō]]
+ * [[cōnferō]]
+ * [[dēferō]]
+ * [[differō]]
+ * [[efferō]]
+ * [[ferō]]
+ * [[intrōferō]]
+ * [[en|infer]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}