deicio Latin · revision 8103
16 Oct 2026, 15:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la iaciō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [deːˈjɪ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [deˈjiː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''dēiciō''' (present infinitive dēicere, perfect active dēiēcī, supine dēiectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ In verse the first two syllables are sometimes run together, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[dē-]] “down” and [[iaciō]] “to throw”, with the vowel of the stem weakened to ⟨i⟩ in the compound.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of knocking something down, and Cato, of throwing down.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to throw down, as in Cato, and in Cicero to hurl a person down, as a punishment from a height; in Varro it was a medical word for evacuating the bowels.^(OLD 2012) In Plautus it meant to knock down, in Martial to let down, in Cicero to overthrow a building, and in Virgil to strike down dead.^(OLD 2012) In Lucilius it meant to dislodge troops from a position, and in Cicero to remove someone from office and to turn someone from a purpose, ''mente suā dēiectus'' “driven out of one's mind”.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Its participle ''dēiectus'' gave [[en|deject]] “to throw down” in the early 15th century, and [[en|dejected]] “low-spirited”, formed from it, in the 1580s.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of knocking down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of throwing down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of deposing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1580s – English ''dejected'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To throw down; to hurl down.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To knock down; to let down.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|overthrow]]; to strike dead.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To dislodge; to [[m|en|depose]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To turn from a purpose.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(medicine)'' To evacuate.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[dēiectiō]]
+ * [[dēiectō]]
+ * [[dēiector]]
+ * [[dēiectus]]
+ * [[indēiectus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[abiciō]]
+ * [[adiciō]]
+ * [[circumiciō]]
+ * [[cōniciō]]
+ * [[dēiectiuncula]]
+ * [[disiciō]]
+ * [[ēiciō]]
+ * [[iaciō]]
+ * [[iniciō]]
+ * [[intericiō]]
+ * [[en|dejected]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}