exilis Latin · revision 8082

16 Oct 2026, 15:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la agō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈsiː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eɡˈziː.lis]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''exīlis''' (neuter exīle, comparative exīlior, adverb exīliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is probably from ⟨*ex-ag-lis⟩, from [[ex-]] and the root of [[agō]], as in [[exigō]] “to drive out; to weigh exactly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary suggests instead ⟨ex-⟩ and [[īle]] “groin, flank”.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Plautus, whom he dates c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucilius, of a thin body.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant thin, lean, slender, of people and animals, as in Lucilius.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant scanty, meagre, unsubstantial, of soil poor, and of style plain, thin, and in Pliny the Elder of small importance.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''exīlis'' and ''macer'' blame leanness as the result of shrivelling, ''exīlis'' of any body, opposed to ''ūber'' “rich”, while ''gracilis'' and ''tenuis'' describe outward form without blame.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ British Medieval Latin used it for thin, narrow, small.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''esile'' “slender”.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of a thin body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of meagre things and plain style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Thin, [[m|en|lean]], [[m|en|slender]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Scanty, meagre; unsubstantial.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of soil, poor.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of style, plain, thin.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Slight, unimportant.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[exīlitās]]
+ * [[perexīlis]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[exigō]]
+ * [[macer]]
+ * [[tenuis]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[macer]], [[gracilis]] and [[tenuis]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}