gravidus Latin · revision 8081
16 Oct 2026, 15:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la gravis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡra.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡraː.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''gravidus''' (feminine gravida, neuter gravidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[gravis]] “heavy” with the suffix [[-idus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of a pregnant woman and of things laden.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Livius Andronicus, whom he dates 280/260 to before 200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant heavy with young, pregnant, as in Plautus, and by transfer laden, swollen, teeming, as with produce.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein explains that ''praegnāns'' is pregnant in general, ''gravidus'' of human beings, the physical and medical word, while ''fēta'', ''forda'' and ''incīēns'' are used of animals.^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant heavy, laden, full, pregnant.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of pregnancy, also figuratively.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''gravido'', and gave [[en|gravid]] “pregnant” in the 1590s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of pregnancy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1590s – English ''gravid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|Pregnant]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Laden, swollen, teeming.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[graviditās]]
+ * [[gravidō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[gravātē]]
+ * [[gravis]]
+ * [[gravitās]]
+ * [[graviter]]
+ * [[gravō]]
+ * [[gravor]]
+ * [[praegnāns]]
+ * [[en|gravid]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[praegnāns]] and [[fētus|alt=fēta]].^(Döderlein 1874)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}