horribilis Latin · revision 8080

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Accius|origins=la horreō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [hɔrˈrɪ.bɪ.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [orˈriː.bi.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horribilis''' (neuter horribile, comparative horribilior, superlative horribilissimus, adverb horribiliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[horreō]] “to bristle, shudder” with the suffix [[-bilis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of something terrifying.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant terrifying, dreadful, as in Accius, and in Martial rough, uncouth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant horrible, dreadful.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for bristly, rough, and of terrain wild, rugged.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''orribile'', French and Spanish ''horrible'' and Portuguese ''horrível'', and through Old French it gave [[en|horrible]] about 1300.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of the terrifying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of the uncouth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''horrible'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Terrifying, dreadful, [[m|en|horrible]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # Rough, uncouth.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Bristly; of terrain, rugged.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horreō]]

+ * [[horror]]

+ * [[horridus]]

+ * [[en|horrible]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}