oratio Latin · revision 8074

16 Oct 2026, 15:23 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la ōs}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [oːˈraː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [oˈrat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''ōrātiō''' ''f'' (genitive ōrātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ōrō]] “to speak, plead, pray” with the suffix [[-tiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Isidore explains it as ⟨ōris ratiō⟩ “the reason of the mouth”.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of speech and of a formal address.^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant speaking, the power of speech, as in Plautus, and in Pacuvius the language of a group, a dialect.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant literary style, and in Quintilian ''pars ōrātiōnis'' a part of speech.^(OLD 2012) In Ennius it meant what one says, one's words, and in Cicero a statement and a discourse or treatise.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant a formal speech, an oration, and in Pacuvius oratory.^(OLD 2012) Isidore defines it as words joined together with sense.^(Isidore)
+ 
+ In Christian Latin it meant a prayer, and specifically the collect of the Mass, and Isidore says ''ōrātiō'' is petition.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Isidore) Ecclesiastical Latin uses it for prayer, supplication, oration, discourse, and ''ōrātiō dominica'' was the Lord's Prayer.^(Stelten 1995)^(Köbler 2010) Through Old French ''oreison'' it gave [[en|orison]] “a prayer” about 1200, and Late Latin ''ōrātiō'' gave [[en|oration]] in the late 14th century, first also meaning “a prayer”.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of speech and of a formal address.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of style and discourse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''orison'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * late 14th century – English ''oration'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Speech; the power of speech.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A language, [[m|en|dialect]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Style, ''pars ōrātiōnis'', a part of speech.^(OLD 2012)
+ # One's words; a statement.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A discourse, treatise.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A formal speech, [[m|en|oration]]; oratory.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|prayer]]; the collect of the Mass.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[ōrātiuncula]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ōrāculum]]
+ * [[ōrātor]]
+ * [[ōrātōriē]]
+ * [[ōrātōrius]]
+ * [[ōrātum]]
+ * [[ōrō]]
+ * [[en|oration]]
+ * [[en|orison]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}