pernicies Latin · revision 8073

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la nex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pɛrˈnɪ.ki.eːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [perˈniː.t͡ʃi.es]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perniciēs''' ''f'' (genitive perniciēī); fifth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The form ''pernitiēs'' appears in Columella, and Sisenna and Cicero have an old genitive ''perniciī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[per-]] “thoroughly” and [[necō]] “to kill”, with the suffix [[-iēs]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius, whom he dates 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant physical destruction, fatal injury, of people and animals, more rarely of things, and by metonymy a source of ruin, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant disaster, destruction.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for destruction, death, and figuratively ruin, undoing.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into Italian ''pernicie''.^(Wiktionary) Its adjective ''perniciōsus'' gave [[en|pernicious]] in the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of destruction and of a source of ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''pernicious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Destruction]], death, ruin.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A source of ruin, a bane.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[permitiālis]]

+ * [[perniciābilis]]

+ * [[perniciālis]]

+ * [[perniciōsus]]

+ * [[perniciōsē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perniciō]]

+ * [[permitiēs]]

+ * [[necō]]

+ * [[nex]]

+ * [[en|pernicious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}