abstineo Latin · revision 8057
16 Oct 2026, 15:17 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la teneō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [apˈstɪ.ne.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [abˈstiː.ne.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''abstineō''' (present infinitive abstinēre, perfect active abstinuī, supine abstentum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ It is also spelled ''aps-'', and Plautus has the perfect ''abstinī''.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ab-]] “away” and [[teneō]] “to hold”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of refraining and of keeping one's hands off.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to keep something away, in Sallust to restrain a person, and in Livy ''manum abstinēre'' to keep one's hands off.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to keep away from an action, to refrain, abstain, and to keep one's hands off a victim; in Ovid it meant to stay away from a place, and in Cicero to refrain from attacking.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to abstain, hold back, refrain.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in French ''abstenir'' and Spanish ''abstener'', and through Old French it gave [[en|abstain]] in the late 14th century; its noun ''abstinentia'' gave [[en|abstinence]] in the mid-14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of refraining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of restraining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''abstinence'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * late 14th century – English ''abstain'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To keep away; to restrain.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To refrain, [[m|en|abstain]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To keep one's hands off.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To stay away (from a place); to avoid.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[abstentiō]]
+ * [[abstināx]]
+ * [[abstinentia]]
+ * [[abstinenter]]
+ * [[abstinēns]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[attineō]]
+ * [[circumteneō]]
+ * [[contineō]]
+ * [[dētineō]]
+ * [[distineō]]
+ * [[obtineō]]
+ * [[pertineō]]
+ * [[retineō]]
+ * [[sustineō]]
+ * [[teneō]]
+ * [[en|abstain]]
+ * [[en|abstinence]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}