ango Latin · revision 8050

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂emǵʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈaŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''angō''' (present infinitive angere, perfect active ānxī, supine ānctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect ''ānxī'' and the participle are hardly attested, the perfect only in Gellius and the participle ''anctus'' in Festus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro has the spelling ''aggens''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ange/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂emǵʰ-e/o-|t=to tie, tighten]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[grc|ἄγχω|tr=ánkhō|t=to squeeze, strangle]], [[hit|hamank-|t=to tie]], [[sa|अंहु|tr=aṃhú|t=narrow]], [[xcl|անձուկ|tr=anjowk|t=narrow]] and [[goh|angust|t=fear]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) From the same root come [[angustus]] “narrow”, [[angor]] “anguish” and [[ānxius]] “worried”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan's first attestation is Plautus, and the OLD's earliest citation, from Plautus, is of causing anguish.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to throttle, choke, as Virgil's ''guttur angere'' “to squeeze the throat”, and in Pliny the Elder to cause physical pain.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Plautus it meant to cause mental distress, to vex, and in Cicero the passive meant to be anxious, troubled.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it of physical torment and of making someone anxious or afraid.^(MLW) Ecclesiastical Latin glosses it bind, throttle, vex.^(Stelten 1995) Its derivative ''ānxius'' gave [[en|anxious]] in the 1620s, and ''angustia'' gave [[en|anguish]] through Old French about 1200.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of causing anguish.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the passive of being anxious.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of choking.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1620s – English ''anxious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|throttle]], choke.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cause pain.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To distress, vex; in the passive, to be [[m|en|anxious]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[angiportum]]

+ * [[angiportus]]

+ * [[angor]]

+ * [[ānxius]]

+ * [[angina]]

+ * [[angustus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|anxious]]

+ * [[en|anguish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}