sudor Latin · revision 8048

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *sweyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsuː.dɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsuː.dor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sūdor''' ''m'' (genitive sūdōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*swe/oid-ōs-]], from [[ine-pro|*sueid-s-|t=sweat]], from the root [[ine-pro|*sweyd-|t=to sweat]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains it as inherited from ⟨*sweidōs⟩ if Rix's change of ⟨*swei-⟩ to ⟨*swoi-⟩ is right; otherwise the stem of [[sūdō]] “to sweat” was brought into the old s-stem.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD treats it as formed from ⟨sūdō⟩ with the suffix [[-or]].^(OLD 2012) Cognate with [[sa|स्वेद|tr=svéda|t=sweat]], [[grc|ἱδρώς|tr=hidrṓs|t=sweat]], [[lv|sviêdri|t=sweat]], [[cy|chwys|t=sweat]], [[goh|sweiz]] and [[ang|swāt]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Ennius, “sweat flows from the whole body”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan's first attestation is Plautus, and Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant sweat from heat or exertion, and in Lucretius the sweat of fear or anxiety, and in poetry other salty liquids.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it was sweat as the sign of toil, and in Gaius it meant labours, exertion.^(OLD 2012) In Pliny the Elder it meant moisture oozing from a plant or substance, and in Vitruvius a trickle of water found in water-divining.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for the sweat of sickness and for the sweating sickness.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian ''sudore'', Romanian ''sudoare'', French ''sueur'' and Portuguese ''suor''.^(Wiktionary) [[en|sweat]] is a cognate, from Old English ''swāt''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of sweat.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the sweat of fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of toil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of moisture from plants.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Sweat]]; sweating.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Toil, exertion.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Moisture oozing from a plant or substance.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The sweating sickness.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sūdōrifer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sūdō]]

+ * [[en|sweat]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}