confirmation English · revision 8039

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1300|origins=la confirmo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ ''(UK)''; /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English confyrmacioun, [[bor|fro|confirmacion|t=strengthening; proof; ratification]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) and directly Latin [[m|la|confirmatio|t=a securing, establishing; assurance]],^(Etymonline) from the past participle stem of [[m|la|confirmo|alt=cōnfirmāre|t=to make firm, establish]] (see [[confirm]]).^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The rite admitting baptized persons to full communion with the Church: about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The confirming of a person in a dignity or office, and the formal ratification of an election, are from about 1330.^(OED 1989) Ratification by an additional legal form is from 1382,^(OED 1989) and the act of rendering valid by formal assent from about 1400.^(Etymonline) Verification, supporting evidence, is from the late 14th century (1419 in the OED).^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) Making firm or sure is from 1480.^(OED 1989) In Judaism, a ceremony marking the end of a young person's religious training is a modern sense.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1300 – the Christian rite.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1330 – ratification of an appointment.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 14th century – verification.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1480 – strengthening.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of [[confirm|alt=confirming]], or something that confirms; [[verification]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A Christian rite admitting a baptized person to full membership of a church.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # A ceremony in Judaism marking the completion of a young person's religious training.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[confirmational]]

+ * [[nonconfirmation]]

+ * [[preconfirmation]]

+ * [[reconfirmation]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[confirm]]

+ * [[confirmatory]]

+ * [[firm]]

+ * [[affirm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}