cholera English · revision 803

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈkɒləɹə/ ''(UK)''; /ˈkɑləɹə/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|cholera]],^(AHD)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986) partly through [[frm|choléra]],^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) [[der|grc|χολέρα|tr=kholéra|t=a digestive disorder]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from ''kholḗ'' “bile, gall”.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) It was at first not distinguished from [[choler]].^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Bile, one of the four humours (c. 1386), the same as ''choler''.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Greek disease was a diarrhoea thought to be caused by bile.^(Etymonline) English revived the classical sense in 1565–78 for a severe digestive disorder with bilious diarrhoea, vomiting and cramps, usually occurring in late summer and rarely fatal to adults.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995) From 1698 the word was applied to the deadly disease endemic in India,^(OED 1989) also called ''cholera morbus'' (1704),^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) which broke out in worldwide epidemics, reaching Britain and America in the early 1830s.^(Etymonline) Later it was extended to various diseases of domestic animals, such as ''chicken cholera'' (1882) and ''hog cholera''.^(OED 1989)^(AHD)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1386 – bile, choler (obsolete).^(OED 1989)

+ * 1565–78 – a bilious digestive disorder.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1698 – the epidemic disease of India.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1704 – ''cholera morbus''.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1882 – ''chicken cholera''.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]'' and marked by profuse watery [[diarrhea|alt=diarrhoea]], vomiting, cramps and severe [[dehydration]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Any of various diseases of domestic animals, such as chickens or hogs, marked by severe [[gastroenteritis]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[choleraic]]

+ * [[Asiatic cholera]]

+ * [[chicken cholera]]

+ * [[cholera infantum]]

+ * [[cholera morbus]]

+ * [[fowl cholera]]

+ * [[hog cholera]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[choler]]

+ * [[choleric]]

+ * [[melancholy]]

+ * [[cholesterol]]

+ * [[gall]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}