indigena Latin · revision 8007

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Varro|origins=la indu, la gignō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈdɪ.ɡɛ.na], [ɪnˈdɪ.ɡɛ.naː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈdiː.d͡ʒe.na], [inˈdiː.d͡ʒe.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''indigena''' ''m'' (genitive indigenae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[indu-]] “within”, a strengthened form of [[in-]], and [[-gena]] “born”, from [[gignō]] “to beget”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The TLL compares [[grc|ἔγγονος|tr=éngonos|t=grandchild]] and [[sga|ingen|t=girl]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Varro, whom he dates 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Virgil, as an adjective, and Ovid, as a noun.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a noun it meant one born in a place, a native, as in Ovid and Livy, and in Seneca an original inhabitant, rendering [[grc|αὐτόχθων|tr=autókhthōn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) As an adjective it meant native, indigenous, as Virgil's native Fauns and Nymphs, Livy's native soldiers and Pliny the Elder's native wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short note it is not in Cicero or Caesar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a native.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it for a native, a denizen.^(DMLBS) It was borrowed into French ''indigène'', which gave [[en|indigene]] in the 1590s, and Late Latin ''indigenus'' gave [[en|indigenous]] in the 1640s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of native gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of native soldiers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1640s – English ''indigenous'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A native; an original inhabitant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Native, [[m|en|indigenous]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gignō]]

+ * [[alienigena]]

+ * [[en|indigenous]]

+ * [[en|indigene]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}