contrarius Latin · revision 8001

16 Oct 2026, 14:48 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la contrā}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔnˈtraː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [konˈtraː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''contrārius''' (feminine contrāria, neuter contrārium, adverb contrāriē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[contrā]] “against” with the suffix [[-ārius]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Varro, of the contrary, and Cicero, of the opposite.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant opposite in position, ''in contrārium'' in the opposite direction, as Caesar's hill facing another, and in Suetonius moving in opposite directions, and in Tacitus wounds in front.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ovid it meant ranged against in battle, and in Cicero hostile, adverse, ''ex contrāriō'' on the contrary, and harmful, and in Seneca of winds unfavourable.^(OLD 2012) From Varro it meant opposite in kind, contrary, in Cicero of laws incompatible, and in logic a contrary.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it also meant reciprocal, and in Gaius ''iūdicium contrārium'' a countercharge.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant opposite, contrary, and ''ē contrāriō'' on the contrary.^(Stelten 1995) It was borrowed into French ''contraire'' and Italian ''contrario'', and Anglo-French ''contrarie'' gave [[en|contrary]] in the mid-14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the contrary.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the opposite and of laws.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 140–180 AD – Gaius uses ''iūdicium contrārium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''contrary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # Opposite; reverse.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Ranged against; opposing.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Hostile, adverse; unfavourable; harmful.^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|Contrary]], antithetical; incompatible; as a noun, a contrary.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''ex contrāriō'', on the contrary, ''per contrārium'', conversely.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Reciprocal, ''iūdicium contrārium'', a countercharge.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[contrārietās]]
+ * [[contrārium]]
+ * [[ēcontrārius]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[contrā]]
+ * [[en|contrary]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}