individuus Latin · revision 8000
16 Oct 2026, 14:48 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la dīvidō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪn.diːˈwɪ.du.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [in.diˈviː.du.us]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''indīviduus''' (feminine indīvidua, neuter indīviduum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “not” and [[dīviduus]] “divisible”, from [[dīvidō]] “to divide”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of the indivisible and of atoms.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant indivisible, and in Cicero ''individua corpora'' or ''individuum'' an atom of Democritus.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Seneca it meant inseparable, and in Cicero and Pliny the Elder undivided, of trees with unbranched stems, and not shared.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also meant equal, impartial.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant indivisible, inseparable.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of God and the Trinity.^(DMLBS) Medieval Latin ''indīviduālis'' gave [[en|individual]] in the early 15th century, first “one and indivisible” of the Trinity.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of atoms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the inseparable.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of unbranched trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''individual'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|Indivisible]]; as a noun, an [[m|en|atom]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Inseparable.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Undivided; not shared.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Impartial.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[indīviduālis]]
+ * [[indīviduum]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[dīvidō]]
+ * [[dīviduus]]
+ * [[en|individual]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}