perniciosus Latin · revision 7985

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la nex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [pɛr.nɪ.kiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [per.ni.t͡ʃiˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perniciōsus''' (feminine perniciōsa, neuter perniciōsum, comparative perniciōsior, superlative perniciōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[perniciēs]] “destruction” with the suffix [[-ōsus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) Tacitus has ⟨permitiōsus⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', which he dates 86/82 BC.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant destructive of life or health, deadly, as in Cicero, and of other things ruinous, fatal, pernicious, as Caesar's ''perniciōsae lēgēs'' “ruinous laws”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for pernicious, deadly, of persons, illnesses and acts.^(DMLBS) It survives in Italian and Spanish ''pernicioso'' and French ''pernicieux'', and Old French ''pernicios'' gave [[en|pernicious]] in the early 15th century, “evil, wicked”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the deadly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of ruinous laws.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''pernicious'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Deadly, destructive.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Ruinous, [[m|en|pernicious]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perniciēs]]

+ * [[nex]]

+ * [[en|pernicious]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}