patientia Latin · revision 7965
16 Oct 2026, 14:48 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la patior}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [pa.tiˈɛn.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [pat.t͡siˈɛn.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''patientia''' ''f'' (genitive patientiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[patiēns]] “enduring”, the present participle of [[patior]] “to suffer”, with the suffix [[-ia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of endurance of hardship.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant endurance, hardiness, as in Plautus, and in Cicero endurance of something, as his ''patientia famis, frīgoris'' “endurance of hunger and cold”, and persistence.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Caesar it meant conditions of hardship.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant forbearance, patience, submissiveness, in Seneca submission to sexual use, in Pliny the Elder apathy, and in Ulpian tacit consent.^(OLD 2012) In Seneca it meant capacity for feeling.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant patience.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it of Job's patience.^(DMLBS) It survives in French ''patience'' and was borrowed into Italian ''pazienza'', and Old French ''pacience'' gave [[en|patience]] about 1200.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of endurance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of hardship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of forbearance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1200 – English ''patience'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Endurance (of); hardiness; persistence.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Hardship.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Forbearance, [[m|en|patience]]; submissiveness.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Apathy, ''(law)'' tacit consent.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Capacity for feeling.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[patior]]
+ * [[patiēns]]
+ * [[passiō]]
+ * [[en|patience]]
+ * [[en|patient]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}