paranoia English · revision 795

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ ''(UK)''; /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/, /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-new|paranoia]],^(Barnhart 1995)^(MW Collegiate)^(Cresswell 2021) [[der|grc|παράνοια|tr=paránoia|t=madness, derangement]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986) from ''paránoos'' “demented, distracted”,^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986)^(Cresswell 2021) [[af|grc|παρά|νόος|tr1=pará|tr2=nóos|t1=beside, beyond|t2=mind]].^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Mental derangement (1811, in the form ''paranoea'').^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The modern form ''paranoia'' appears in 1848 in Etymonline and 1891 in Barnhart.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1995) In psychiatry it came to mean a chronic disorder marked by systematized delusions, especially of persecution or grandeur,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate) and in general use extreme or irrational distrust of others.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) Middle English medical writing had already described a pathological state of suspiciousness as ''suspecioushed'' (early 15th century).^(Etymonline) The adjective ''paranoid'' dates from 1904.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 15th century – ''suspecioushed'', pathological suspicion.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1811 – ''paranoea''.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1848 – ''paranoia''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1904 – ''paranoid''.^(Barnhart 1995)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[psychotic]] disorder marked by [[delusion|alt=delusions]] of persecution or grandeur, often defended with apparent logic; now usually called [[delusional disorder]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Extreme, baseless or irrational suspicion and distrust of others.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[paranoically]]

+ * [[paranoiac]]

+ * [[paranoid]]

+ * [[paranoid schizophrenia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nous]]

+ * [[para-]]

+ * [[noetic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}