exsisto Latin · revision 7877

16 Oct 2026, 14:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Pacuvius|origins=la sistō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛksˈsɪs.toː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eksˈsis.to]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''exsistō''' (present infinitive exsistere, perfect active exstitī, supine exstitum); third conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[ex-]] “out” and [[sistō]] “to set, stand”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) It is also spelled ⟨existō⟩, and its perfect cannot be told from that of [[exstō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Pacuvius, of coming into view.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Pacuvius 220–130 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to come into view, emerge, appear, as Cicero's rising from the earth, and ''ab inferīs exsistere'' to rise from the dead, and of sounds to be heard.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero it meant to come forward in some role, and in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' to prove to be.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to come into being, arise, and impersonally it follows that, and in Ulpian of a condition to be fulfilled.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to come forth, appear, emerge, arise, become.^(Stelten 1995) It was borrowed into French as ''exister'', which gave [[en|exist]] about 1600.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of coming into view.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of proving to be.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of rising from the dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1600 – English ''exist'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To emerge, appear; to rise from the dead; to be heard.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To come forward; to prove to be.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To come into being, arise; it follows.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To become; to [[m|en|exist]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[coexsistō]]
+ * [[exsistentia]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[exstō]]
+ * [[sistō]]
+ * [[en|exist]]
+ * [[en|existence]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}