influo Latin · revision 7876
16 Oct 2026, 14:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la fluō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈĩː.fɫu.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈiɱ.flu.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''īnfluō''' (present infinitive īnfluere, perfect active īnflūxī, supine īnflūxum); third conjugation, third person-only in the passive^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “in, into” and [[fluō]] “to flow”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The TLL dates it from Cicero, and the OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, as his ''Hypanis in Pontum īnfluit'' “the Hypanis flows into the Black Sea”.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to flow in, of rivers and the sea, and of blood flowing from the liver, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Cicero it meant of people to stream in, and in Vitruvius of wealth to pour in.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it also meant of words and ideas to sink in, penetrate.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to flow or run into.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''influire'' and Spanish ''influir''.^(Wiktionary) Through Medieval Latin ''īnfluentia'' and Old French ''influence'' it gave [[en|influence]] in the late 14th century, an astrological term for power streaming from the stars.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a river flowing into the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of wealth pouring in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''influence'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To flow in.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To stream in; to pour in.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of words or ideas, to sink in, penetrate.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[influus]]
+ * [[influxio]]
+ * [[īnfluxus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[affluō]]
+ * [[circumfluō]]
+ * [[cōnfluō]]
+ * [[dēfluō]]
+ * [[diffluō]]
+ * [[effluō]]
+ * [[fluō]]
+ * [[interfluō]]
+ * [[perfluō]]
+ * [[praefluō]]
+ * [[en|influence]]
+ * [[en|influx]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}