involvo Latin · revision 7865

16 Oct 2026, 14:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Caesar|origins=la volvō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪnˈwɔɫ.woː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iɱˈvɔl.vo]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''involvō''' (present infinitive involvere, perfect active involvī, supine involūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[in-]] “in, on” and [[volvō]] “to roll”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Caesar, of rolling along.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Caesar about 50 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to roll along, roll on to, as Virgil's ''Ossae frondōsum involvere Olympum'' “to roll leafy Olympus on to Ossa”, and to roll over, sweep away, as the mountain fragment carrying woods and men.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Vitruvius it meant to coil up, wind a rope on a drum, and to rotate.^(OLD 2012) From Cicero it meant to wrap up, cover, in Seneca to include in a book, and in Varro to envelop, and in Pliny the Elder to engulf in a condition.^(OLD 2012) In Horace it meant figuratively to wrap oneself in something, and in Cicero to veil.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to wrap up, roll up, cover, envelop.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''involgere'' and Portuguese ''envolver'', and [[en|involve]] came in the late 14th century, “to envelop, surround”; its participle gave [[en|involute]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of rolling along.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of wrapping up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of rolling a mountain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''involve'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To roll along, roll on to; to roll over.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To coil up; to wind.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To rotate.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To wrap up, cover; to include.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|envelop]]; to engulf.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To wrap (oneself in something); to veil.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[circuminvolvō]]
+ * [[involūcrum]]
+ * [[involūmen]]
+ * [[involūmentum]]
+ * [[involūtē]]
+ * [[involūtiō]]
+ * [[involūtō]]
+ * [[involūtus]]
+ * [[involvulus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[advolvō]]
+ * [[circumvolvō]]
+ * [[convolvō]]
+ * [[dēvolvō]]
+ * [[ēvolvō]]
+ * [[obvolvō]]
+ * [[prōvolvō]]
+ * [[revolvō]]
+ * [[subvolvō]]
+ * [[volvō]]
+ * [[en|involve]]
+ * [[en|involute]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}