devasto Latin · revision 7855
16 Oct 2026, 14:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
Initial text
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Livy|origins=la vāstus}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [deːˈwaːs.toː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [deˈvas.to]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''dēvāstō''' (present infinitive dēvāstāre, perfect active dēvāstāvī, supine dēvāstātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[dē-]] “thoroughly” and [[vāstō]] “to lay waste”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) The Itala and the Vulgate have ⟨dīv-⟩.^(TLL)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Lewis and Short call it rare and perhaps not before Augustus, and their earliest examples are from Livy, of laying waste territory.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Livy 59 BC–17 AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to lay waste territory, devastate, as Livy's ''ad dēvāstandōs fīnēs'', and also a people, as the Marsi.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ovid it meant to ravage, slaughter, as the ranks of Sarpedon destroyed by Ulysses' sword.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Figuratively, in Valerius Maximus, it meant to destroy courage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to devastate, lay waste.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''devastare'' and French ''dévaster'', and Medieval Latin ''dēvāstātiō'' gave [[en|devastation]] in the mid-15th century, from which [[en|devastate]] was perhaps back-formed in the 1630s.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of laying waste land.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of slaughtering ranks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''devastation'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1630s – English ''devastate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To lay waste, [[m|en|devastate]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # To ravage, slaughter.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vāstō]]
+ * [[vāstus]]
+ * [[en|devastate]]
+ * [[en|devastation]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}