copulo Latin · revision 7853

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la apiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkoː.pʊ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkɔː.pu.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōpulō''' (present infinitive cōpulāre, perfect active cōpulāvī, supine cōpulātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[cōpula]] “bond” with the verb suffix [[-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) Lucretius has the contracted ⟨cōplāta⟩, and a deponent ⟨cōpulor⟩ is also found.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of uniting persons and forming an association.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to join physically, connect, couple, as Cicero's man joined to a beast, and in Pliny the Elder in the passive to be adjacent.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) From Plautus it meant to unite persons, ally, and in Livy to unite in feeling.^(OLD 2012) From Varro it meant to connect words or ideas and to make by joining, in Pliny the Elder to trill a song, and in Plautus to form a friendship or marriage.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to join together, and to join or bless in marriage.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''accoppiare'' and French ''coupler'', and its participle gave [[en|copulate]] in the early 15th century, “to join”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of uniting persons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of connecting words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of joining things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''copulate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To join, connect, [[m|en|couple]]; to be adjacent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To unite, ally.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To connect (words, ideas).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make by joining; to form (a friendship, a marriage).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To join in marriage.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōpulābilis]]

+ * [[cōpulātē]]

+ * [[cōpulātiō]]

+ * [[cōpulātīvē]]

+ * [[cōpulātīvus]]

+ * [[cōpulātor]]

+ * [[cōpulātrīx]]

+ * [[cōpulātus]]

+ * [[cōpulor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cōpula]]

+ * [[en|copulate]]

+ * [[en|couple]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}