alieno Latin · revision 7850

16 Oct 2026, 14:35 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la alius}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [a.liˈeː.noː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [a.liˈɛː.no]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''aliēnō''' (present infinitive aliēnāre, perfect active aliēnāvī, supine aliēnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[aliēnus]] “belonging to another” with the verb suffix [[-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) The TLL notes it is lacking in the poets except the comic ones and Claudian.^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of transferring property and of changing someone's identity, as Sosia's in the ''Amphitruo''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to transfer property to another, give up, alienate, in the passive of places to fall into the enemy's hands, and in Terence to give a child in adoption.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus it meant to change the nature of, and in Pliny the Elder to be different.^(OLD 2012) In Livy it meant to deprive of feeling, in Celsus of parts of the body to become numb or mortified, and in Caesar to drive mad.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it meant to estrange, make hostile, and to disgust, and in Sallust to treat as an enemy.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to estrange, alienate.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Portuguese ''alhear'', and its participle gave [[en|alienate]] in the 1510s, “to transfer to another's ownership”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of transferring property.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of driving mad.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of estranging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1510s – English ''alienate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To transfer (property), [[m|en|alienate]]; to lose to the enemy; to give in adoption.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To change the nature of; to be different.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To deprive of feeling; to become numb.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To drive mad.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|estrange]]; to disgust.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[abaliēnō]]
+ * [[aliēnātiō]]
+ * [[inaliēnātus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[aliēnus]]
+ * [[alius]]
+ * [[en|alienate]]
+ * [[en|alien]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}