protestor Latin · revision 7839

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Pseudo-Quintilian|origins=la testis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [proːˈtɛs.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈtɛs.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōtestor''' (present infinitive prōtestārī, perfect active prōtestātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[prō-]] “forth, publicly” and [[testor]] “to bear witness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) Priscian mentions an active ⟨prōtestō⟩, of which no examples survive.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short call it post-Augustan, and Gaffiot's earliest citation is from the ''Declamations'' ascribed to Quintilian.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to declare publicly, testify, bear witness to, as in the pseudo-Quintilian ''Declamations'', and in Macrobius to attest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to bear witness to, proclaim, protest.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''protestare'' and French ''protester'', and Old French ''protest'' gave [[en|protest]] about 1400, first “a solemn declaration”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * first half of the 5th century AD – Macrobius uses it of attesting.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''protest'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To declare publicly, testify, bear witness to.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To proclaim; to [[m|en|protest]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[testor]]

+ * [[testis]]

+ * [[en|protest]]

+ * [[en|Protestant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}