manganese English · revision 783

10 Oct 2026, 23:02 by bogdan “New entry from the dictionary sources (AHD, Barnhart, Etymonline, MW, OED, RHWU, Wiktionary, Hoad, MED, Word Origins)” current version
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+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniz/, /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌnis/; /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniːz/ ''(UK)''^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[bor|fr|manganèse]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986) [[der|it|manganese]],^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986) an unexplained alteration of Medieval Latin ''magnēsia'' (see [[magnesia]]).^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A black mineral, now known to be an oxide of manganese, used since ancient times in glassmaking to remove colour (1676).^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Chemists studied the compounds of manganese from the mid-18th century, and the metal was isolated by Gahn in 1774.^(Etymonline) The name of the black mineral was transferred to the metallic element, of which it is the oxide, in 1783,^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(Hoad 1986) though for years there was confusion over the name before ''manganese'' (German ''Mangan'') was generally adopted in the early 19th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1676 – black manganese ore.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)
+ * 1774 – the metal isolated.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1783 – the metallic element.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)
+ * 1842 – ''manganese ore'', ''manganese mine''.^(OED 1989)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A grey-white, hard, brittle metallic [[element]], symbol Mn, atomic number 25, resembling [[iron]] but not magnetic, used especially in [[alloy|alt=alloys]] such as [[steel]] to add strength and hardness, and in batteries and fertilizers.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[manganesian]]
+ * [[ferromanganese]]
+ * [[mangan-]]
+ * [[manganic]]
+ * [[manganiferous]]
+ * [[manganin]]
+ * [[manganite]]
+ * [[mangano-]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[manganate]]
+ * [[permanganate]]
+ * [[magnesia]]
+ * [[magnesium]]
+ * [[magnet]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}