publish English · revision 7822

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1330|origins=la publico}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈpʌblɪʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is Middle English publishen, an alteration of earlier publicen (before 1338) under the influence of verbs such as [[banish]], [[finish]] and accomplish,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) [[bor|fro|publier|t=to make public, spread abroad]], puplier,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from Latin [[m|la|publico|alt=pūblicāre|t=to make public]], from pūblicus (see [[public]]).^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ To make publicly known, declare openly: about 1330 in the OED;^(OED 1989) the mid-14th century in Etymonline, and about 1378, in ''Piers Plowman'', in Barnhart.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ To announce formally, as a judicial sentence, is from about 1380.^(OED 1989) To issue a book or other work to the public, causing it to be printed and offered for sale, is from the late 14th century,^(Etymonline) the 16th century in Hoad.^(Hoad 1986) In Middle English it also meant to disgrace or denounce publicly, and to people or populate.^(Etymonline) In law, ''to publish a libel'' is to communicate defamatory matter to a third person (1480).^(OED 1989)^(Collins 2023) In Welsh English, to publish is to announce the preacher for a day.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1330 – to make known.^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1338 – publicen.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1380 – to announce formally.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 14th century – to issue a book.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1480 – to publish a will or libel.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To prepare and issue printed or electronic material for distribution or sale.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To have one's writing published.^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # To make known publicly; to [[announce]].^(AHD)^(Collins 2023)

+ # ''(law)'' To communicate defamatory matter to a third person.^(Collins 2023)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[publishable]]

+ * [[micropublish]]

+ * [[prepublish]]

+ * [[publisher]]

+ * [[publishment]]

+ * [[republish]]

+ * [[self-publish]]

+ * [[unpublished]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[public]]

+ * [[publican]]

+ * [[publication]]

+ * [[publicist]]

+ * [[publicize]]

+ * [[publicity]]

+ * [[republic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}