substituo Latin · revision 7813

16 Oct 2026, 14:34 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Columella|origins=la statuō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊpˈstɪ.tu.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [subˈstiː.tu.o]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''substituō''' (present infinitive substituere, perfect active substituī, supine substitūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[sub-]] “under, in place of” and [[statuō]] “to set up”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Inscriptions have ⟨sups-⟩.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation for substitution is from Columella.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Columella in the 1st century AD.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to put in the rear as a reserve, as with troops behind elephants, and in Seneca to place before the mind.^(OLD 2012) In Quintilian it meant to make answerable to a charge or subject to an authority.^(OLD 2012) From Columella it meant to put in place of another, substitute, and in Quintilian in law to name a substitute heir, who inherits if the first cannot.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short call the sense “to place under” rare and mostly post-Augustan, as in Palladius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to put or place under, substitute.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''sostituire'' and French ''substituer'', and its participle ''substitūtus'' gave [[en|substitute]] in the early 15th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of substituting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of placing before the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of a substitute heir.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English ''substitute'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To place in reserve; to place under.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To lay before the mind.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To make answerable; to make subject.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|substitute]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(law)'' To name a substitute heir.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[substitūtiō]]
+ * [[substitutiuus]]
+ * [[substitūtus]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[statuō]]
+ * [[en|substitute]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}