resolvo Latin · revision 7812

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la solvō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [rɛˈsɔɫ.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [reˈs̬ɔl.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''resolvō''' (present infinitive resolvere, perfect active resolvī, supine resolūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[re-]] “back” and [[solvō]] “to loosen”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of paying back money, and Cato, of settling up.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to loosen, undo, as Catullus' bonds and Ovid's unyoking of horses, in Virgil ''ōra resolvere'' to break silence, in Ovid to open the veins, and in Virgil to solve a puzzle.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Ovid it meant to free from bonds, in Celsus to unbandage a wound, and in Horace to release from a burden.^(OLD 2012) From Lucretius it meant to break up into parts, melt, and in Pliny the Elder to soften.^(OLD 2012) In Virgil it meant to relax the limbs in sleep, and in Celsus to exhaust, paralyse, and loosen the bowels.^(OLD 2012) In Seneca it meant to make lax, in Tacitus to relax discipline, and in Virgil to end, cancel, and in Petronius to refute.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short note it is not frequent before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to loosen, unbind, release, open, relax, separate, resolve.^(Stelten 1995) It survives in Italian ''risolvere'' and French ''résoudre'', and [[en|resolve]] came in the late 14th century, first “to melt, dissolve”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of paying back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of breaking up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of solving a puzzle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''resolve'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To loosen, undo; to break silence; to open; to solve.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To free; to unbandage; to release.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To break up; to melt, dissolve; to soften.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To relax; to exhaust; to paralyse.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make lax; to relax (discipline).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pay back; to discharge (a vow).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To end, settle; to cancel; to refute.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[solvō]]

+ * [[resolūtiō]]

+ * [[en|resolve]]

+ * [[en|resolution]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}