proficio Latin · revision 7800

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucilius|origins=la faciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [proːˈfɪ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈfiː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōficiō''' (present infinitive prōficere, perfect active prō̆fēcī, supine prō̆fectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[prō-]] “forward” and [[faciō]] “to make, do”, as Charisius already said.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucilius, of making headway.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to make headway in an undertaking, achieve something, as in Lucilius and Cicero, and of remedies to be effective, do good.^(OLD 2012) In Caesar and Pliny the Elder it meant to advance, gain ground, as Ariovistus' three days' march, and in Pliny to increase, of prices to rise.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero it meant to progress in a study, improve, and in inscriptions to advance in rank.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to help, assist, advance, increase, prevail, make progress.^(Stelten 1995) Its participle ''prōfectus'' gave Old French ''prufit'' and [[en|profit]] in the mid-13th century, and its present participle gave [[en|proficient]].^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of making headway.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of advancing.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of progress in studies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English ''profit'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make headway, achieve.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of remedies, to do good.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To advance; to increase.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make progress, improve; to advance in rank.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōfectus]]

+ * [[proficuus]]

+ * [[proficīscor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[faciō]]

+ * [[en|profit]]

+ * [[en|proficient]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}