debitum Latin · revision 7777

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la habeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdeː.bɪ.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɛː.bi.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēbitum''' ''n'' (genitive dēbitī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of the past participle of [[dēbeō]] “to owe”, from ⟨dēhibeō⟩, used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cicero, of a debt.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant what is owed, a debt, an obligation, as Cicero's ''dēbitum alicui solvere'' “to pay one's debt”, and ''vōtī dēbitum'' the obligation of a vow.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Nepos ''nātūrae dēbitum reddere'' meant to pay one's debt to nature, to die.^(OLD 2012) In Seneca it meant what is due to happen.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a debt, duty, sin.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a duty, what is proper, sin, guilt, a crime and a fine.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in French ''dette'' and Spanish ''deuda'', and Old French ''dete'' gave [[en|debt]] about 1300; [[en|debit]] came in the mid-15th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a debt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses ''nātūrae dēbitum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''debt'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|debt]], obligation, ''nātūrae dēbitum reddere'', to die.^(OLD 2012)

+ # What is due.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A sin.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A duty; a fine.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēbeō]]

+ * [[dēbitiō]]

+ * [[dēbitor]]

+ * [[dēbitrix]]

+ * [[en|debt]]

+ * [[en|debit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}