processus Latin · revision 7763
16 Oct 2026, 14:34 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la cēdō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [proːˈkɛs.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈt͡ʃɛs.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prōcessus''' ''m'' (genitive prōcessūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[prōcēdō]] “to go forward” with the suffix of action nouns [[-tus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is from Cicero, of progress towards an aim, as ''prōcessus dīcendī'' “progress in speaking”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant forward movement, progress, as in Seneca, and in Virgil the course of an event.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Cicero it meant progress towards an aim, advance.^(OLD 2012) In Celsus it meant in medicine a protuberance, a process of a bone.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a process, legal process, course.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a procession, the right to pursue a lawsuit, and legal proceedings.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''processo'' and French ''procès'', and Old French ''proces'' with the Latin gave [[en|process]] in the early 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of progress.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the course of events.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of a protuberance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 14th century – English ''process'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Forward movement; course.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Progress, advance.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(medicine)'' A [[m|en|process]], outgrowth.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|procession]]; legal proceedings.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[prōcessiō]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[prōcēdō]]
+ * [[en|process]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}