excessus Latin · revision 7760

16 Oct 2026, 14:34 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la cēdō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈskɛs.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈʃɛs.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''excessus''' ''m'' (genitive excessūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[excēdō]] “to go out” with the suffix of action nouns [[-tus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) A spelling ⟨excissus⟩ is also found.^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Gaffiot's earliest citations are from Cicero, of departure from life, ''excessus ē vītā''.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant going away, departure, as in Velleius and Seneca, and especially departure from life, death, as Cicero's ''excessus ē vītā'' and ''excessus vītae'', and in Tacitus alone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) In Seneca it meant a digression, departure from a standard, and in Celsus a projection.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant excess, departure, transgression, loss of self-possession, death.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a digression, ecstasy, a vision, and excess, exuberance.^(Niermeyer 1976) It survives in Italian ''eccesso'' and French ''excès'', and [[en|excess]] came in the late 14th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of departure from life.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a digression.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of death.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * late 14th century – English ''excess'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Departure; death.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|digression]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A departure from a standard.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A projection.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|Ecstasy]]; [[m|en|excess]].^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[excēdō]]
+ * [[en|excess]]
+ * [[en|excessive]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}